American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 48, Issue 4 , Pages 537-545 , October 2006

The Epidemiology of Hemoglobin Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

  • Merlin C. Thomas, MBChB, PhD, FRACP

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Merlin C. Thomas, MBChB, PhD, FRACP, Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker Medical Research Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC 8008, Australia.
    • ,
  • Con Tsalamandris, MBBS
    • ,
  • Richard J. MacIsaac, MBBS, BSc, PhD
    • ,
  • George Jerums, MD, FRACP

Received 3 March 2006 ,Accepted 13 June 2006.

References 

  1. Thomas MC , MacIsaac RJ , Tsalamandris C , et al.   The burden of anaemia in type 2 diabetes and the role of nephropathy: A cross-sectional audit . Nephrol Dial Transplant . 2004;19:1792–1797
  2. Thomas MC , MacIsaac RJ , Tsalamandris C , et al.   Anemia in patients with type 1 diabetes . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2004;89:4359–4363
  3. Astor BC , Muntner P , Levin A , Eustace JA , Coresh J . Association of kidney function with anemia: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) . Arch Intern Med . 2002;162:1401–1408
  4. Thomas MC , MacIsaac RJ , Tsalamandris C , Power D , Jerums G . Unrecognized anemia in patients with diabetes: A cross-sectional survey . Diabetes Care . 2003;26:1164–1169
  5. Craig KJ , Williams JD , Riley SG , et al.   Anemia and diabetes in the absence of nephropathy . Diabetes Care . 2005;28:1118–1123
  6. Thomas MC , Cooper ME , Tsalamandris C , MacIsaac R , Jerums G . Anemia with impaired erythropoietin response in diabetic patients . Arch Intern Med . 2005;165:466–469
  7. Al-Khoury S , Afzali B , Shah N , Covic A , Thomas S , Goldsmith DJ . Anaemia in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease—Prevalence and predictors . Diabetologia . 2006;49:1183–1189
  8. Lundin AP . Quality of life: Subjective and objective improvements with recombinant human erythropoietin therapy . Semin Nephrol . 1989;9(suppl 1):S22–S29
  9. Canadian Erythropoietin Study Group . Association between recombinant human erythropoietin and quality of life and exercise capacity of patients receiving haemodialysis . BMJ . 1990;300:573–578
  10. Keane WF , Lyle PA . Recent advances in management of type 2 diabetes and nephropathy: Lessons from the RENAAL Study . Am J Kidney Dis . 2003;41(suppl 1):S22–S25
  11. Rossing K , Christensen PK , Hovind P , Tarnow L , Rossing P , Parving HH . Progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients . Kidney Int . 2004;66:1596–1605
  12. Evens AM , Bennett CL , Luminari S . Epoetin-induced pure red-cell aplasia (PRCA): Preliminary results from the research on adverse drug events and reports (RADAR) group . Best Pract Res Clin Haematol . 2005;18:481–489
  13. Thomas MC , MacIsaac RJ , Tsalamandris C , Jerums G . Elevated iron indices in patients with diabetes . Diabet Med . 2004;21:798–802
  14. Fernandez-Real JM , Lopez-Bermejo A , Ricart W . Cross-talk between iron metabolism and diabetes . Diabetes . 2002;51:2348–2354
  15. Locatelli F , Aljama P , Barany P , et al.   Revised European Best Practice Guidelines for the management of anaemia in patients with chronic renal failure . Nephrol Dial Transplant . 2004;19(suppl 2):S1–S47
  16. Levey AS , Coresh J , Balk E , et al.   National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification . Ann Intern Med . 2003;139:137–147
  17. Thomas MCTC , MacIssaac R , Jerums G . Anemia in diabetes; An emerging complication of microvascular disease . Curr Diabetes Rev . 2005;1:107–126
  18. Silverberg D , Wexler D , Blum M , Wollman Y , Iaina A . The cardio-renal anaemia syndrome: Does it exist? . Nephrol Dial Transplant . 2003;18(suppl 8):S7–S12
  19. Collins AJ , Ma JZ , Ebben J . Impact of hematocrit on morbidity and mortality . Semin Nephrol . 2000;20:345–349
  20. Srivastava PM , Thomas MC , Calafiore P , Macisaac RJ , Jerums G , Burrell LM . Diastolic dysfunction is associated with anaemia in patients with type II diabetes . Clin Sci (Lond) . 2005;110:109–116
  21. Astor BC , Coresh J , Heiss G , Pettitt D , Sarnak MJ . Kidney function and anemia as risk factors for coronary heart disease and mortality: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study . Am Heart J . 2006;151:492–500
  22. Jones RL , Peterson CM . Hematologic alterations in diabetes mellitus . Am J Med . 1981;70:339–352
  23. Cody J , Daly C , Campbell M , et al.   Recombinant human erythropoietin for chronic renal failure anaemia in pre-dialysis patients . Cochrane Database Syst Rev . 2001;4: CD003266
  24. Silverberg DS , Wexler D , Blum M , et al.   The effect of correction of anaemia in diabetics and non-diabetics with severe resistant congestive heart failure and chronic renal failure by subcutaneous erythropoietin and intravenous iron . Nephrol Dial Transplant . 2003;18:141–146
  25. Thomas MC , Cooper ME , Rossing K , Parving HH . Anaemia in diabetes: Is there a rationale to TREAT? . Diabetologia . 2006;49:1151–1157

 Originally published online as doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.06.011 on August 29, 2006.Support: The costs for measurement of iron storage indices were defrayed by a grant from Jansen-Cilag (manufacturer of epoetin). The costs of erythropoietin levels were defrayed by a grant from Amgen (manufacturers of darbepoetin). Neither party had a role in the study design; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the report; or the decision to submit the paper for publication. M.C.T. and G.J. were both members of the Jannsen-Cilag Endocrinology advisory panel (2001 to 2002). Potential conflicts of interest: None.

PII: S0272-6386(06)01082-1

doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.06.011

American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 48, Issue 4 , Pages 537-545 , October 2006

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