American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 48, Issue 5 , Pages 856-870 , November 2006

Sarcoidosis: The Nephrologist’s Perspective

  • Adam R. Berliner, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
    • Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
    • ,
  • Mark Haas, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
    • Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
    • ,
  • Michael J. Choi, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
    • Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Michael J. Choi, MD, 1830 E Monument St, Ste 416, Baltimore, MD 21205.

Received 20 March 2006 ,Accepted 27 July 2006.

References 

  1. Baughman R, Lower E, du Bois R. Sarcoidosis. Lancet. 2003;361:1111–1118
  2. Menon Y, Cucurull E, Reisin E, Espinoza L. Interferon-alpha-associated sarcoidosis responsive to infliximab therapy. Am J Med Sci. 2004;328:173–175
  3. Thomas K, Hunninghake G. Sarcoidosis. JAMA. 2003;289:3300–3303
  4. James D. Sarcoidosis. Postgrad Med J. 1984;60:234–241
  5. Walker J, Baran D, Yakub N, Freeman R. Histoplasmosis with hypercalcemia, renal failure, and papillary necrosis (Confusion with sarcoidosis). JAMA. 1977;237:1350–1352
  6. Baughman R, Teirstein A, Judson M, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:1885–1889
  7. Awasthi A, Nada R, Malhotra P, Goel R, Joshi K. Fatal renal failure as the first manifestation of sarcoidosis diagnosed on necropsy in a young man: A case report. J Clin Pathol. 2004;57:1101–1103
  8. Ohashi N, Yonemura K, Hirano M, et al. A patient with sarcoidosis presenting with acute renal failure: Implications for granulomatous interstitial nephritis and hypercalcemia. Intern Med. 2002;41:1088–1089
  9. Ponce C, Gujral J. Renal failure and hypercalcemia as initial manifestations of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. South Med J. 2004;97:590–592
  10. Adams J, Diz M, Sharma O. Effective reduction in the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and calcium concentration in sarcoidosis-associated hypercalcemia with short-course chloroquine therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:437–438
  11. Fernandez-Giron F, Fernandez Mora F, Conde-Garcia J, et al. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis, hypercalcemia and rapidly progressive kidney failure secondary to sarcoidosis with exclusive renal involvement. Am J Nephrol. 2001;21:514–516
  12. Miyoshi K, Okura T, Manabe S, Watanabe S, Fukuoka T, Higaki J. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis due to isolated renal sarcoidosis. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2004;8:279–282
  13. Robson M, Banerjee D, Hopster D, Cairns H. Seven cases of granulomatous interstitial nephritis in the absence of extrarenal sarcoid. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18:280–284
  14. Sander S, Buller G, Perazella M. Hypercalcemia, sarcoidosis, and normal chest radiographs. Am J Med. 1995;99:437–438
  15. Fowler A, Dargan P, Jones A. Puzzling hypercalcemia: Sarcoidosis without lung involvement. J R Soc Med. 2005;98:60–61
  16. Schaumann J. Benign lymphogranuloma and its cutaneous manifestations. Br J Dermatol. 1924;36:515–544
  17. Judson M, Baughman R, Teirstein A, Terrin M, Yeager H ACCESS Research Group. Defining organ involvement in sarcoidosis: The ACCESS proposed instrument (A Case Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis). Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 1999;16:75–86
  18. Mayock R, Bertrand P, Morrison C, Scott J. Manifestations of sarcoidosis: Analysis of 145 patients, with a review of nine series selected from the literature. Am J Med. 1963;35:67–89
  19. Muther R, McCarron D, Bennett W. Renal manifestations of sarcoidosis. Arch Intern Med. 1981;141:643–645
  20. Casella F, Allon M. The kidney in sarcoidosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1993;3:1555–1562
  21. Sharma O. Hypercalcemia in granulomatous disorders: A clinical review. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2000;6:442–447
  22. Gardner D. Hypercalcemia and sarcoidosis—Another piece of the puzzle falls into place. Am J Med. 2001;110:736–737
  23. Reichel H, Koeffler H, Barbers R, Norman A. Regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production by cultured alveolar macrophages from normal human donors and from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987;65:1201–1209
  24. Hamilton B, Daly B, Furlong M. A 41 year old man with fatigue, weight loss, hypercalcemia, and hepatosplenomegaly. Am J Med Sci. 2002;324:31–36
  25. Barbour G, Coburn J, Slatopolsky E, Norman A, Horst R. Hypercalcemia in an anephric patient with sarcoidosis: Evidence for extrarenal generation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:440–443
  26. Adams J, Sharma O, Gacad M, Singer F. Metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 by cultured pulmonary alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis. J Clin Invest. 1983;72:1856–1860
  27. Mason R, Frankel T, Chan Y, Lissner D, Posen S. Vitamin D conversion by sarcoid lymph node homogenate. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:59–61
  28. Rizzato G. Clinical impact of bone and calcium metabolism changes in sarcoidosis. Thorax. 1998;53:425–429
  29. Lebacq E, Verhaegen H, Desmet V. Renal involvement in sarcoidosis. Postgrad Med J. 1970;46:526–529
  30. Goldstein R, Israel H, Becker K, Moore C. The infrequency of hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis. Am J Med. 1971;51:21–30
  31. Singer F, Adams J. Abnormal calcium homeostasis in sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:735–737
  32. Mitome J, Kawaguchi Y, Arase S, et al. A case of renal sarcoidosis: A special reference to calcium metabolism as a diagnostic and the therapeutic implications. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2004;8:375–379
  33. Zeimer H, Greenaway T, Slavin J, et al. Parathyroid-hormone-related protein in sarcoidosis. Am J Pathol. 1998;152:17–21
  34. Benabe J, Martinez-Maldonado M. Hypercalcemic nephropathy. Arch Intern Med. 1978;138:777–779
  35. Schepens D, Verswijvel G, Kuypers D, Vanrenterghem Y. Renal cortical nephrocalcinosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;15:1080–1082
  36. Rodman J, Mahler R. Kidney stones as a manifestation of hypercalcemic disorders. Urol Clin North Am. 2000;27:275–285
  37. Rizzato G, Fraioli P, Montemurro L. Nephrolithiasis as a presenting feature of chronic sarcoidosis. Thorax. 1995;50:555–559
  38. Rizzato G, Colombo P. Nephrolithiasis as a presenting feature of chronic sarcoidosis: A prospective study. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 1996;13:167–172
  39. Sinha R, Fraser W, Casson I. Long-term management of hypercalcemia in chronically active sarcoidosis. J R Soc Med. 1997;90:156–157
  40. Barre P, Gascon-Barre M, Meakins J, Goltzman D. Hydroxychloroquine treatment of hypercalcemia in a patient with sarcoidosis undergoing hemodialysis. Am J Med. 1987;82:1259–1262
  41. O’Leary T, Jones G, Yip A, Lohnes D, Cohanim M, Yendt E. The effects of chloroquine on serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:727–730
  42. Bia M, Insogna K. Treatment of sarcoidosis-associated hypercalcemia with ketoconazole. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991;18:702–705
  43. Garland H, Thomson J. Ureo-parotid tuberculosis. Q J Med. 1933;2:157–177
  44. Berger K, Relman A. Renal impairment due to sarcoid infiltration of the kidney. N Engl J Med. 1955;252:44–49
  45. Branson J, Park J. Sarcoidosis hepatic involvement: Presentation of a case with fatal liver involvement, including autopsy findings and review of the evidence for sarcoid involvement of the liver as found in the literature. Ann Intern Med. 1954;40:111–145
  46. Longcope W, Freiman D. A study of sarcoidosis; Based on a combined investigation of 160 cases including 30 autopsies from The Johns Hopkins Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital. Medicine (Baltimore). 1952;31:1–132
  47. Ricker W, Clark M. Sarcoidosis: A clinicopathologic review of 300 cases, including 22 autopsies. Am J Clin Pathol. 1949;19:725–749
  48. Farge D, Liote F, Turner M, Barre P, Jothy S. Granulomatous interstitial and chronic renal failure in sarcoidosis: Long-term follow-up studies in two patients. Am J Nephrol. 1986;6:21–27
  49. Cruzado J, Poveda R, Mana J, et al. Interstitial nephritis in sarcoidosis: Simultaneous multiorgan involvement. Am J Kidney Dis. 1995;26:947–951
  50. Pagniez D, Delvallez L. Renal gallium scintigraphy and sarcoid nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1989;4:76
  51. Utas C, Dogukan A, Patiroglu T, Oymak S, Oymak O. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis in extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. Clin Nephrol. 1999;51:252–254
  52. Gobel U, Kettritz R, Schneider W, Luft F. The protean face of renal sarcoidosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12:616–623
  53. Andreoli S, Kleiman M, Yum M, Bergstein J. Acute eosinophilic interstitial nephritis and sarcoidosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1981;105:626–627
  54. Dobrin R, Vernier R, Fish A. Acute eosinophilic interstitial nephritis and renal failure with bone marrow-lymph node granulomas and anterior uveitis: A new syndrome. Am J Med. 1975;59:325–333
  55. Jose M, McGregor D, Lynn K. Renal sarcoidosis in Christchurch, New Zealand 1970-1998. Aust N Z J Med. 1999;29:770–775
  56. Cameron H. Renal sarcoidosis. J Clin Pathol. 1956;9:136–141
  57. Sorger K, Taylor W. Generalized sarcoidosis. Arch Pathol. 1961;71:35–43
  58. Ogilvie R, Kaye M, Moore S. Granulomatous sarcoid disease of the kidney. Ann Intern Med. 1964;61:711–715
  59. Leng-Levy J, David-Chausse J, Martin-Dupont C, Aparicio M. Maladie de Besnier-Baeck-Shaumann a localisation renale. Bull Mem Soc Med Hop Paris. 1965;116:907–911
  60. Panitz F, Shinaberger J. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus due to sarcoidosis without hypercalcemia. Ann Intern Med. 1965;62:113–120
  61. Coburn J, Hobbs C, Johnston G. Granulomatous sarcoid nephritis. Am J Med. 1967;42:273–283
  62. Guedon J, Mathieu F, Chome J, Chebat J, Safar M, Kuss R. Sarciodose renale a forme pseudo-tumorale revelatrice de l’affection. Press Med. 1967;75:265–268
  63. Falls W, Randall R, Sommers S. Nonhypercalcemic sarcoid nephropathy. Arch Intern Med. 1972;130:285–291
  64. Bourke E, Barniville H. Granulomatous sarcoid nephritis. Ir J Med Sci. 1973;42:127–131
  65. Kohout J. Sarkoidose der Niere. Med Klin. 1975;8:332–336
  66. Ravindranath C, Jain V, Kirmani N. Sarcoid infiltration leading to reversible renal impairment. Kidney Int. 1975;8:417
  67. Bolton W, Atuk N, Rametta C. Reversible renal failure from isolated granulomatous renal sarcoidosis. Clin Nephrol. 1976;5:88–91
  68. King B, Esparza A, Kahn S, Garella S. Sarcoid granulomatous nephritis occurring as isolated renal failure. Arch Intern Med. 1976;136:241–245
  69. Turner M, Shin M, Ruley E. Renal failure as a presenting sign of diffuse sarcoidosis in an adolescent girl. Am J Dis Child. 1977;131:997–1000
  70. Vanhille P, Dequiedt P, Raviart B, Lelievre G, Tacquet A. Insuffisance renale par nephrite granulomateuse au cours d’une sarcoidose. Lille Med. 1977;22:778–782
  71. Aubia J, Torras A, Darnell A. Nefropatia por granulomas sarcoideos. Rev Clin Esp. 1978;148:631–634
  72. Ford M, Anderton J, MacLean N. Granulomatous sarcoid nephropathy. Postgrad Med J. 1978;54:416–417
  73. MacSearraigh E, Doyle C, Twomey M, O’Sullivan D. Sarcoidosis with renal involvement. Postgrad Med J. 1978;54:528–532
  74. Wambergue F, Duchatelle P, Riberi P, et al. Localisation renale specifique de la sarcoidose. J Urol Nephrol. 1978;84:859–865
  75. Allegri L, Olivetti G, David S, Concari G, Dascola G, Savazzi G. Sarcoid granulomatous nephritis with isolated and reversible renal failure (A case report). Nephron. 1980;25:207–208
  76. Barbiano di Belgiojoso G, Bertoli S, Confaloneri R, et al. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis as a possible isolated manifestation of sarcoidosis: Report of a case. In: Abstracts of the XVIIth Congress of European Dialysis and Transplantation Association. 1980;p. 27
  77. Martini A, Serenella Scotta M, Magrini U. Sarcoidose granulomateuse des reins avec insuffisance renale chez une fille de douze ans. Nephrologie. 1980;1:117–119
  78. Muther R, McCarron D, Bennett W. Granulomatous sarcoid nephritis: A cause of multiple renal tubular abnormalities. Clin Nephrol. 1980;14:190–197
  79. Richmond J, Chambers B, D’Apice A, Whitworth J, Kincaid-Smith P. Renal disease and sarcoidosis. Med J Aust. 1981;2:36–37
  80. Alcazar J, Bello I, Arteaga J, Ruilope L, Barrientos A, Rodicio J. Sarcoidosis and renal failure. Nephron. 1981;29:281
  81. den Boer PC, Klaassen CH. A patient with kidney dysfunction caused by sarcoidosis with interstitial nephritis. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1982;126:2150–2153
  82. Hagege A, Baglin A, Prinseau J, Goupil A, Laudet J, Fritel D. Sarcoidosis revealed by renal insufficiency (three cases). Sem Hop Paris. 1983;59:2823–2826
  83. Tomino Y, Shiina Y, Nishizawa K, et al. A case of granulomatous renal sarcoidosis with a dramatic response to corticosteroid and urokinase therapy. Tokai J Exp Clin Med. 1983;8:149–153
  84. Williams P, Thomson D, Anderton J. Reversible renal failure due to isolated renal sarcoidosis. Nephron. 1984;37:246–249
  85. Korzets Z, Schneider M, Taragan R, Bernheim J. Acute renal failure due to sarcoid granulomatous infiltration of the renal parenchyma. Am J Kidney Dis. 1985;4:250–253
  86. Laurentjoye P, Martin-Dupont P, Dupuy-Braud E. Nephrits granulomateuses au cours de la sarcoidose de Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann. Sem Hop Paris. 1985;61:723–727
  87. Michielsen P, Van Damme B, Hauglustaine D, Waer M, Verberckmoes R, Vanrenterghem Y. Insuffisance renale aigue: Premiere revalation d’une sarcoidose familiale. Nephrologie. 1985;6:151–152
  88. Simonsen O, Thysell H. Sarcoidosis with normocalcemic granulomatous nephritis. Nephron. 1985;40:411–417
  89. Singer D, Evans D. Renal impairment in sarcoidosis: Granulomatous nephritis as an isolated cause (two case reports and review of the literature). Clin Nephrol. 1986;26:250–256
  90. van Dorp W, Jie K, Lobatto S, Weening J, Valentijn R. Renal failure due to granulomatous interstitial nephritis after pulmonary sarcoidosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1987;2:573–575
  91. Marti H, Laissue J, Mihatsch M, Cottier H, Truniger B. Renale manifestationen der sarkoidose. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1988;118:416–421
  92. Mery J, Kenouch S. Les atteintes de l’interstitium rénal au cours des maladies systémiques. In:  Cahtelain C,  Jacobs C editor. Séminaires d’Uro-Néphrologie Pitié-Salpêtrjère, Quatorzieme série 1988. 1988;p. 57–89Paris, Masson
  93. Taylor A, Marks J. Cutaneous nodular sarcoidosis with granulomatous renal sarcoid. Br J Dermatol. 1988;119:107–109
  94. Hannedouche T, Grateau G, Noel L, et al. Renal granulomatous sarcoidosis: Report of six cases. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1990;5:18–24
  95. McCurley T, Salter J, Glick A. Renal insufficiency in sarcoidosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1990;114:488–492
  96. Meysman M, Sennesael J, Vanderniepen P, Vanden Houte K, Pierre E, Verbeelen D. Renal failure in sarcoidosis: Case report of granulomatous interstitial nephritis and review of the literature. Acta Clin Belg. 1993;48:115–118
  97. Okada H, Kounosuke K, Suzuki H, et al. Steroid-responsive renal insufficiency due to idiopathic granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis. Am J Nephrol. 1993;13:164–166
  98. Khan I, Simpson J, Catto G, MacLeod A. Membranous nephropathy and granulomatous interstitial nephritis in sarcoidosis. Nephron. 1994;66:459–461
  99. Mills P, Burns A, Dorman A, Sweny P, Moorhead J. Granulomatous sarcoid nephritis presenting as frank hematuria. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1994;9:1649–1651
  100. Toda T, Kimoto S, Nishio Y, Ehara T, Sasaki S. Sarcoidosis with membranous nephropathy and granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Intern Med. 1999;38:882–886
  101. Ikeda A, Nagai S, Kitaichi M, et al. Sarcoidosis with granulomatous interstitial nephritis: Report of three cases. Intern Med. 2001;40:241–245
  102. O’Riordan E, Willert R, Reeve R, et al. Isolated sarcoid granulomatous interstitial nephritis: Review of five cases at one center. Clin Nephrol. 2001;55:297–302
  103. Brause M, Magnusson K, Degenhardt S, Helmchen U, Grabensee B. Renal involvement in sarcoidosis—A report of 6 cases. Clin Nephrol. 2002;57:142–148
  104. Carmichael P, O’Donnell J. The protean face of renal sarcoid. J Nephrol. 2003;16:721–727
  105. Erten N, Saka B, Artinesen B, Akif Karan M, Kilicarslan I, Tascioglu C. Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis with chronic renal failure. Eur J Intern Med. 2003;14:262–264
  106. Hagiwara S, Ohi H, Eishi Y, et al. A case of renal sarcoidosis with complement activation via the lectin pathway. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;45:580–587
  107. Hatta T, Tanda S, Kusaba T, et al. Sarcoid granulomatous interstitial nephritis and sarcoid abdominal aortic aneurysms. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20:1480–1482
  108. Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zeron P, Garcia-Carrasco M, Font J. Sarcoidosis or Sjogren syndrome? (Clues to defining mimicry or coexistence in 59 cases). Medicine. 2004;83:85–95
  109. Miller B, Miller S, McKenzie C, Davila R. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis: Drug hypersensitivity, infection, or sarcoidosis?. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997;30:586–588
  110. Izzedine H, Simon J, Piette A, et al. Primary chronic interstitial nephritis in Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 2002;123:1436–1440
  111. Bijol V, Mendez G, Nose V, Rennke H. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis: A clinicopathologic study of 46 cases from a single institution. Int J Surg Pathol. 2006;14:57–63
  112. Mignon F, Mery J, Mougenot B. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Adv Nephrol. 1984;13:219–245
  113. Viero R, Cavallo T. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Hum Pathol. 1995;26:1347–1353
  114. Coutant R, Leroy B, Niaudet P, et al. Renal granulomatous sarcoidosis in childhood: A report of 11 cases and a review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr. 1999;158:154–159
  115. Parra E, Gota R, Gamen A, Moros M, Azuara M. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis secondary to allopurinol treatment. Clin Nephrol. 1995;43(5):350
  116. Magner P, Sweet J, Bear R. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis associated with allopurinol therapy. CMAJ. 1986;135:496–497
  117. Lien Y, Hansen R, Kern W, et al. Ciprofloxacin-induced granulomatous interstitial nephritis and localized elastolysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1993;22:598–602
  118. Lieberman J. Elevation of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level in sarcoidosis. Am J Med. 1975;59:365–372
  119. Johns C, Michele T. The clinical management of sarcoidosis: A 50 year experience at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Medicine (Baltimore). 1999;78:65–111
  120. Studdy P, Bird R. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme in sarcoidosis—Its value in present clinical practice. Ann Clin Biochem. 1989;26:13–18
  121. Silverstein E, Brunswick J, Rao T, Friedland J. Increased serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in chronic renal disease. Nephron. 1984;37:206–210
  122. Yee A, Pochapin M. Treatment of complicated sarcoidosis with infliximab anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:27–31
  123. Baughman R, Lower E. Infliximab for refractory sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2001;18:70–74
  124. Mallbris L, Ljungberg A, Hedblad M, Larsson P, Stahle-Backdahl M. Progressive cutaneous sarcoidosis responding to anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48:290–293
  125. Pettersen J, Zochodne D, Bell R, Martin LH. Refractory neurosarcoidosis responding to infliximab. Neurology. 2002;59:1660–1661
  126. Thumfart J, Muller D, Rudolph B, Zimmering M, Querfeld U, Haffner D. Isolated sarcoid granulomatous interstitial nephritis responding to infliximab therapy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;45:411–414
  127. Kouba D, Mimouni D, Rencic A, Nousari H. Mycophenolate mofetil may serve as a steroid-sparing agent for sarcoidosis. Br J Dermatol. 2003;148:147–148
  128. Moudgil A, Przygodzki R, Kher K. Successful steroid-sparing treatment of renal limited sarcoidosis with mycophenolate mofetil. Pediatr Nephrol. 2006;21:281–285
  129. Taylor R, Fisher C, Hoffbrand B. Sarcoidosis and membranous glomerulonephritis: A significant association. Br Med J. 1982;284:1297–1298
  130. Chung-Park M, Lam M, Yazdy A. IgA nephropathy associated with sarcoidosis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1990;15:601–602
  131. Nishiki M, Murakami Y, Yamane Y, Kato Y. Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, sarcoidosis and thyroiditis—A new syndrome?. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999;14:2008–2010
  132. Taylor J, Ansell I. Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome and renal impairment in a patient with sarcoidosis and IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996;11:355–356
  133. Komatsuda A, Wakui H, Ohtani H, et al. Amyloid A-type renal amyloidosis in a patient with sarcoidosis: Report of a case and review of the literature. Clin Nephrol. 2003;60:284–288
  134. McCoy R, Tisher C. Glomerulonephritis associated with sarcoidosis. Am J Pathol. 1972;68:339–358
  135. Parry R, Falk C. Minimal-change disease in association with sarcoidosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997;12:2159–2160
  136. North-Coombes J, Healy G, Cochrane J. Sarcoid-associated minimal change disease: A case report. J S C Med Assoc. 1998;94:351–353
  137. Altiparmak M, Oygar D, Bilir M, Kilicarslan I, Serdengecti K. A rare cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: Sarcoidosis. Nephron. 2002;90:211–212
  138. Lee S, Michael A. Focal glomerular sclerosis and sarcoidosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1979;102:572–575
  139. Kanamori H, Ota M, Takeoka H, et al. IgM-immune complex glomerulonephritis associated with sarcoidosis. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2006;10:68–73
  140. Godin M, Fillastre J, Ducastelle T, Hemet J, Morere P, Nouvet G. Sarcoidosis (Retroperitoneal fibrosis, renal arterial involvement, and unilateral focal glomerulosclerosis). Arch Intern Med. 1980;140:1240–1242
  141. Carr L, Honey R, Sugar L. Diagnosis and management of urethral sarcoidosis. J Urol. 1995;153:1612–1613
  142. Miyazaki E, Tsuda T, Mochizuki A, et al. Sarcoidosis presenting as bilateral hydronephrosis. Intern Med. 1996;35:579–582
  143. Padilla M, Schilero G, Teirstein A. Sarcoidosis and transplantation. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 1997;14:16–22
  144. Shen S, Hall-Craggs M, Posner J, Shabazz B. Recurrent sarcoid granulomatous nephritis and reactive tuberculin skin test in a renal transplant recipient. Am J Med. 1986;80:699–702
  145. Kukura S, Viklicky O, Lacha J, Voska L, Honsova E, Teplan V. Recurrence of sarcoidosis in renal allograft during pregnancy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19:1640–1642

 Originally published online as doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.07.022 on October 3, 2006.Support: None. Potential conflicts of interest: None.

PII: S0272-6386(06)01228-5

doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.07.022

American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 48, Issue 5 , Pages 856-870 , November 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution