CKD: Common, Harmful, and Treatable—World Kidney Day 2007

Conceptual model of the course of CKD. Shaded ellipses, stages of CKD; unshaded ellipses, potential antecedents or consequences of CKD; thick arrows between ellipses, risk factors associated with the initiation and progression of disease that can be affected or detected by interventions: susceptibility factors (black), initiation factors (dark gray), progression factors (light gray), and end-stage factors (white). Interventions for each stage are given beneath the stage. Persons without CKD should be assessed for CKD risk factors. Persons known to be at increased risk of CKD should be tested for CKD. “Complications” refer to all complications of CKD and its treatment, including complications of decreased GFR (hypertension, anemia, malnutrition, and bone and mineral disease) and CVD. Increasing thickness of arrows connecting later stages to complications represents the increased risk of complications as kidney disease progresses. Modified and reprinted with permission.