The Early History of Dialysis for Chronic Renal Failure in the United States: A View From Seattle

Hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. Note the Skeggs-Leonards dialyzers and the chest-type freezer behind Clyde and the heparin pump borrowed from the Physiology Department. Reproduced from Scribner,¹⁵ with permission of National Kidney Foundation, © 1990.

Clyde’s Teflon shunt after 4 weeks in place. It is attached to a stainless steel arm plate with a plastic protective cover over it. The couplings are two modified “Swagelok” plumbing reducing unions with stainless steel bodies and nylon caps and ferrules. Reproduced from Quinton et al¹⁰ with permission of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

The Seattle Artificial Kidney Center Admissions and Policy Committee, in a photograph taken by Lawrence Schiller for Life magazine²⁷ (image reproduced with permission, copyright © Polaris Communications, Inc.).

The first Seattle home hemodialysis patient. Note the machine and the Kiil dialyzer.

The first Seattle home peritoneal dialysis patient using 40-liter glass carboys to hold the sterile dialysate and the dialysate outflow.

Belding Scribner. Photo courtesy of Eli Friedman.