American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 50, Issue 1 , Pages 69-77 , July 2007

25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Albuminuria in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)

  • Ian H. de Boer, MD, MS

      Affiliations

    • Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Ian H. de Boer, MD, MS, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Box 356521, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98117.
    • ,
  • George N. Ioannou, MD, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
    • ,
  • Bryan Kestenbaum, MD, MS

      Affiliations

    • Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
    • ,
  • John D. Brunzell, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Seattle, WA
    • ,
  • Noel S. Weiss, MD, DrPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Received 30 January 2007 ,Accepted 19 April 2007.

References 

  1. Hunsicker LG, Adler S, Caggiula A, et al. Predictors of the progression of renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Kidney Int. 1997;51:1908–1919
  2. Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Mosconi L, Pisoni R, Remuzzi G. Urinary protein excretion rate is the best independent predictor of ESRF in non-diabetic proteinuric chronic nephropathies (“Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia” (GISEN)). Kidney Int. 1998;53:1209–1216
  3. Hillege HL, Fidler V, Diercks GF, et al. Urinary albumin excretion predicts cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality in general population. Circulation. 2002;106:1777–1782
  4. Arnlov J, Evans JC, Meigs JB, et al. Low-grade albuminuria and incidence of cardiovascular disease events in nonhypertensive and nondiabetic individuals: The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2005;112:969–975
  5. Gerstein HC, Mann JF, Yi Q, et al. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. JAMA. 2001;286:421–426
  6. Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Reduction in albuminuria translates to reduction in cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: Losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Hypertension. 2005;45:198–202
  7. de Zeeuw D, Remuzzi G, Parving HH, et al. Albuminuria, a therapeutic target for cardiovascular protection in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Circulation. 2004;110:921–927
  8. Calvo G, de Andres-Trelles F. Albuminuria as a surrogate marker for drug development: A European Regulatory perspective. Kidney Int Suppl. 2004;92:S126–S127
  9. Dusso AS, Brown AJ, Slatopolsky E. Vitamin D. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2005;289:F8–F28
  10. Li YC, Kong J, Wei M, Chen ZF, Liu SQ, Cao LP. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. J Clin Invest. 2002;110:229–238
  11. Li YC, Qiao G, Uskokovic M, Xiang W, Zheng W, Kong J. Vitamin D: A negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system and blood pressure. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004;89-90:387–392
  12. Schwarz U, Amann K, Orth SR, Simonaviciene A, Wessels S, Ritz E. Effect of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 on glomerulosclerosis in subtotally nephrectomized rats. Kidney Int. 1998;53:1696–1705
  13. Kuhlmann A, Haas CS, Gross ML, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreases podocyte loss and podocyte hypertrophy in the subtotally nephrectomized rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2004;286:F526–F533
  14. Resnick LM, Muller FB, Laragh JH. Calcium-regulating hormones in essential hypertension (Relation to plasma renin activity and sodium metabolism). Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:649–654
  15. Lind L, Hanni A, Lithell H, Hvarfner A, Sorensen OH, Ljunghall S. Vitamin D is related to blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men. Am J Hypertens. 1995;8:894–901
  16. Baynes KC, Boucher BJ, Feskens EJ, Kromhout D. Vitamin D, glucose tolerance and insulinaemia in elderly men. Diabetologia. 1997;40:344–347
  17. Ford ES, Ajani UA, McGuire LC, Liu S. Concentrations of serum vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1228–1230
  18. Scragg R, Sowers M, Bell C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, diabetes, and ethnicity in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2813–2818
  19. Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes FaNB, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy; 1997;
  20. National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bone Metabolism and Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(suppl):S1–S201
  21. National Center for Health Statistics. Plan and Operations of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-94. Vital Health Stat 1. 1994;32:94–1308
  22. Schmidt-Gayk H, Grawunder C, Tschope W, et al. 25-Hydroxy-vitamin-D in nephrotic syndrome. Lancet. 1977;2:105–108
  23. Grymonprez A, Proesmans W, Van Dyck M, Jans I, Goos G, Bouillon R. Vitamin D metabolites in childhood nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 1995;9:278–281
  24. Saha H. Calcium and vitamin D homeostasis in patients with heavy proteinuria. Clin Nephrol. 1994;41:290–296
  25. Gunter E, Lewis B, Koncikowski S. Laboratory Methods Used for the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (CD-ROM). Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1996;
  26. Hollis BW. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: Implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D. J Nutr. 2005;135:317–322
  27. Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney RP, Holick MF, Lips P, Meunier PJ, Vieth R. Estimates of optimal vitamin D status. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16:713–716
  28. Jones CA, Francis ME, Eberhardt MS, et al. Microalbuminuria in the US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39:445–459
  29. Warram JH, Gearin G, Laffel L, Krolewski AS. Effect of duration of type I diabetes on the prevalence of stages of diabetic nephropathy defined by urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996;7:930–937
  30. Mattix HJ, Hsu CY, Shaykevich S, Curhan G. Use of the albumin/creatinine ratio to detect microalbuminuria: Implications of sex and race. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:1034–1039
  31. National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(suppl):S1–S266
  32. Levey AS, Greene T, Kusek JW, Beck GJ. A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2000;11:0828A;(abstr)
  33. Coresh J, Astor BC, McQuillan G, et al. Calibration and random variation of the serum creatinine assay as critical elements of using equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39:920–929
  34. Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Tsukamoto Y, et al. Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: A position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int. 2005;67:2089–2100
  35. McNutt LA, Wu C, Xue X, Hafner JP. Estimating the relative risk in cohort studies and clinical trials of common outcomes. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157:940–943
  36. Looker AC, Dawson-Hughes B, Calvo MS, Gunter EW, Sahyoun NR. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of adolescents and adults in two seasonal subpopulations from NHANES III. Bone. 2002;30:771–777
  37. Verrotti A, Basciani F, Carle F, Morgese G, Chiarelli F. Calcium metabolism in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus without and with persistent microalbuminuria. J Endocrinol Invest. 1999;22:198–202
  38. Inukai T, Fujiwara Y, Tayama K, Aso Y, Takemura Y. Alterations in serum levels of 1 alpha,25(OH)2 D3 and osteocalcin in patients with early diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1997;38:53–59
  39. Kano K, Nonoda A, Yoneshima H, Suda T. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in patients with various types of renal disease. Clin Nephrol. 1980;14:274–279
  40. Durvasula RV, Shankland SJ. The renin-angiotensin system in glomerular podocytes: Mediator of glomerulosclerosis and link to hypertensive nephropathy. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2006;8:132–138
  41. Kadowaki S, Norman AW. Dietary vitamin D is essential for normal insulin secretion from the perfused rat pancreas. J Clin Invest. 1984;73:759–766
  42. Cade C, Norman AW. Vitamin D3 improves impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in the vitamin D-deficient rat in vivo. Endocrinology. 1986;119:84–90
  43. Chiu KC, Chu A, Go VL, Saad MF. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:820–825
  44. Mykkanen L, Zaccaro DJ, Wagenknecht LE, Robbins DC, Gabriel M, Haffner SM. Microalbuminuria is associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes. 1998;47:793–800
  45. Masuda S, Jones G. Promise of vitamin D analogues in the treatment of hyperproliferative conditions. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006;5:797–808
  46. Agarwal R, Acharya M, Tian J, et al. Antiproteinuric effect of oral paricalcitol in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2005;68:2823–2828
  47. Christensen EI, Birn H. Megalin and cubilin: Synergistic endocytic receptors in renal proximal tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2001;280:F562–F573
  48. Sato KA, Gray RW, Lemann J. Urinary excretion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in health and the nephrotic syndrome. J Lab Clin Med. 1982;99:325–330
  49. Coresh J, Astor BC, Greene T, Eknoyan G, Levey AS. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney function in the adult US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41:1–12
  50. Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA. 2003;289:76–79

PII: S0272-6386(07)00738-X

doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.04.015

American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 50, Issue 1 , Pages 69-77 , July 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution