American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 50, Issue 2 , Pages 181-183 , August 2007

The Kinetic Behaviors of Urea and Other Marker Molecules During Hemodialysis

  • Edmund G. Lowrie, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Edmund G. Lowrie, MD, 511 Shore Road, Cape Neddick, ME 03902.

References 

  1. Sargent JA, Gotch FA. The analysis of concentration dependence of uremic lesions in clinical studies. Kidney Int Suppl. 1975;2:S35–S44
  2. Roa LM, Prado M. The role of urea kinetic modeling in assessing the adequacy of dialysis. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2004;32:461–539
  3. NKF-K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hemodialysis Adequacy: Update 2000. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37(suppl 1):S7–S64
  4. Eloot S, Torremans A, De Smet R, et al. Complex compartmental behavior of small water-soluble uremic retention solutes: evaluation by direct measurements in plasma and erythrocytes. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;50:279–288
  5. Eloot S, Torremans A, De Smet R, et al. Kinetic behavior of urea is different from that of other water-soluble compounds: The case of the guanidino compounds. Kidney Int. 2005;67:1566–1575
  6. Lowrie EG, Laird NM, Parker TF, Sargent JA. Effect of the hemodialysis prescription on patient morbidity (Report from the National Cooperative Dialysis Study). New Engl J Med. 1981;305:1176–1181
  7. In:  Lowrie EG,  Laird NM editor. Cooperative Dialysis Study, Supplement No. 13, Kidney International 23. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1983;(Guest Editors), April
  8. Chertow GM, Kurella M, Lowrie EG. The tortois and the hare on hemodialysis: Does slow and steady win the race?. Kidney Int. 2006;70:24–25
  9. Eknoyan G, Beck GJ, Cheung AK, et al. Effect of dialysis dose and membrane flux in maintenance hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 2002;19:2010–2019
  10. Lowrie EG, Zhu X, Lew NL. Primary associates of mortality among dialysis patients: Trends and reassessment of Kt/V and the urea reduction ratio as outcome-based measures of dialysis dose. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;32(suppl 4):S16–S31
  11. Wolfe RA, Ashby VB, Daugirdas JT, Agodoa LYC, Jones CA, Port F. Body size, dose of hemodialysis and mortality. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;35:80–88
  12. Kopple JD, Zhu X, Lew NL, Lowrie EG. Body weight-for-height relationships predict mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 1999;56:1136–1148
  13. Lowrie EG, Li Z, Ofsthun N, Lazarus JM. Measurement of dialyzer clearance, dialysis time and body size: Death risk relationships among patients. Kidney Int. 2004;66:2077–2084
  14. Li Z, Lew NL, Lazarus JM, Lowrie EG. Comparing the urea reduction ratio and the urea product as outcome-based measures of hemodialysis dose. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;35:598–605
  15. Chertow GM, Owen WF, Lazarus JM, et al. Exploring the reverse J-shaped curve between urea reduction ratio and mortality. Kidney Int. 1999;56:1872–1878
  16. Lowrie EG, Li Z, Ofsthun N, Lazarus JM. Body size, dialysis dose and death risk relationships among hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2002;62:1891–1897
  17. Gotch FA, Panlilio FM, Buyaki RA, et al. Mechanisms determining the ratio of conductivity clearance to urea clearance. Kidney Int Suppl. 2004;89:S3–S24
  18. Lowrie EG, Li Z, Ofsthun N, Lazarus JM. The online measurement of hemodialysis dose (Kt): Clinical outcome as a function of body surface area. Kidney Int. 2005;68:1344–1354
  19. Lowrie EG, Li Z, Ofsthun NJ, Lazarus JM. Evaluating a new method to judge dialysis treatment using online measurements of ionic clearance. Kidney Int. 2006;70:211–217

PII: S0272-6386(07)00941-9

doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.06.012

American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 50, Issue 2 , Pages 181-183 , August 2007

Article Tools