Relations of Measures of Endothelial Function and Kidney Disease: The Framingham Heart Study
Received 26 September 2007; accepted 15 April 2008. published online 10 July 2008.
Background
Endothelial dysfunction is prevalent in individuals with end-stage renal disease. Whether endothelial dysfunction is present in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncertain.
Study Design
Cross-sectional study.
Settings & Participants
Brachial reactivity measurements were obtained during the seventh examination cycle in 2,818 (diameter measurements) and 2,256 (flow measurements) Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort participants (53% women; mean age, 61 ± 9 years).
Predictor
Estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 derived from creatinine- and cystatin C–based estimating equations; microalbuminuria status.
Outcome
Brachial reactivity measurements (baseline brachial diameter, flow-mediated dilation, baseline and hyperemic mean flow).
Measurements
Linear regression models were used to model brachial measures as a function of CKD and microalbuminuria status.
Results
Overall, 7.3% (n = 206) of participants had CKD, and of 2,301 with urinary measurements, 10.0% (n = 230) had microalbuminuria. Brachial reactivity measures did not differ significantly by CKD status in either creatinine- or cystatin C–based equations in either age- and sex- or multivariable-adjusted models. In age- and sex-adjusted models, microalbuminuria was associated with decreased hyperemic mean flow (47.2 ± 1.4 versus 51.4 ± 0.5 mg/g; P = 0.005), but the association was not significant after multivariable adjustment (P = 0.09).
Limitations
Predominantly white ambulatory cohort; results may not be generalizable to other ethnic groups or individuals with severe CKD.
Conclusions
Endothelial dysfunction was not a major correlate of CKD in our sample.
ABSTRACT