« Previous
Next »
American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 52, Issue 3
, Pages 464-474
, September 2008
Effect of Pentoxifylline in Addition to Losartan on Proteinuria and GFR in CKD: A 12-Month Randomized Trial
References
- Serum creatinine levels in the US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;32:992–999
- . The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1456–1462
- Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:851–860
- Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:861–869
- BMP-7 counteracts TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and reverses chronic renal injury. Nat Med. 2003;9:964–968
- . Chemokines and chemokine receptors are involved in the resolution or progression of renal disease. Kidney Int. 2003;63:401–415
- . Angiotensin II stimulates extracellular matrix protein synthesis through induction of transforming growth factor-beta expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells. J Clin Invest. 1994;93:2431–2437
- Antagonism of PDGF-D by human antibody CR002 prevents renal scarring in experimental glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17:1054–1062
- . ACE inhibitors improve diabetic nephropathy through suppression of renal MCP-1. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:2421–2425
- Gene therapy via blockade of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 for renal fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:940–948
- Urinary protein excretion and serum tumor necrosis factor in diabetic patients with advanced renal failure: Effects of pentoxifylline administration. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;33:458–463
- . Pentoxifylline ameliorates proteinuria through suppression of renal monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with proteinuric primary glomerular diseases. Kidney Int. 2006;69:1410–1415
- . The next treatments of chronic kidney disease: If we find them, can we test them?. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:3024–3026
- Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: The Candesartan And Lisinopril Microalbuminuria (CALM) Study. BMJ. 2000;321:1440–1444
- . Combination treatment of angiotensin-II receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in non-diabetic renal disease (COOPERATE): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361:117–124
- . Beneficial effects of adding spironolactone to recommended antihypertensive treatment in diabetic nephropathy: A randomized, double-masked, crossover study. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2106–2112
- . Long-term effects of spironolactone on proteinuria and kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2006;70:2116–2123
- . Combining an antiproteinuric approach with mycophenolate mofetil fully suppresses progressive nephropathy of experimental animals. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:1542–1549
- Add-on anti-TGF-beta antibody to ACE inhibitor arrests progressive diabetic nephropathy in the rat. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14:1816–1824
- Beneficial effect of TGF beta antagonism in treating diabetic nephropathy depends on when treatment is started. Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2006;104:e158–e168
- Pentoxifylline attenuates experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 1999;56:932–943
- . Pentoxifylline attenuated the renal disease progression in rats with remnant kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:2916–2929
- . Pentoxifylline inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated cyclin D1 expression in mesangial cells by blocking Akt membrane translocation. Mol Pharmacol. 2003;64:811–822
- . Dual regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells by nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1: Modulation by type III phosphodiesterase inhibition. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004;309:978–986
- . Pentoxifylline suppresses renal tumor necrosis factor-alpha and ameliorates experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19:1106–1115
- Pentoxifylline attenuates tubulointerstitial fibrosis by blocking Smad3/4-activated transcription and profibrogenic effects of connective tissue growth factor. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16:2702–2713
- . Use of pentoxifylline in membranous nephropathy. Lancet. 2001;357:1672–1673
- Pentoxifylline in the treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome secondary to lupus nephritis. J Rheumatol. 2003;30:2382–2384
- . Additive antiproteinuric effect of pentoxifylline in patients with type 2 diabetes under angiotensin II receptor blockade: A short-term, randomized, controlled trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16:2119–2126
- . K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease (Evaluation, classification, and stratification). Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(suppl 1):S17–S31
- A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:461–470
- . Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its metabolites during renal insufficiency. Ann Pharmacother. 1996;30:724–729
- . Cross sectional longitudinal study of spot morning urine protein:creatinine ratio, 24 hour urine protein excretion rate, glomerular filtration rate, and end stage renal failure in chronic renal disease in patients without diabetes. BMJ. 1998;316:504–509
- . Clinical practice (Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes). N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1145–1151
- . Clinical practice (Nondiabetic kidney disease). N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1505–1511
- . Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) therapeutic approach in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 2003;64:1139
- Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcomes on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy? (The LIFE Study). Diabetes Care. 2006;29:595–600
- . Aldosterone escape during blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetic nephropathy is associated with enhanced decline in glomerular filtration rate. Diabetologia. 2004;47:1936–1939
- . Angiotensin II, TGF-beta and renal fibrosis. Contrib Nephrol. 2001;135:153–160
Originally published online as doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.05.012 on July 10, 2008.
Trial registration: www.clinicialtrials.gov; study number: NCT00155246.
PII: S0272-6386(08)00889-5
doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.05.012
© 2008 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 52, Issue 3
, Pages 464-474
, September 2008
