American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 54, Issue 1 , Pages 10-12 , July 2009

Occult Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Hemodialysis Patients: Examining the Evidence

  • Nassim Kamar, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • CHU Rangueil/INSERM U858, IFR 31, Toulouse, France
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Nassim Kamar, MD, PhD, CHU Rangueil, Service de Néphrologie, Transplantation d'Organes, Hémodialyse, 1 av. Jean Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
    • ,
  • Florence Nicot, PharmD

      Affiliations

    • CHU Purpan/INSERM U563, IFR 30, Toulouse, France
    • ,
  • Jacques Izopet, PharmD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • CHU Purpan/INSERM U563, IFR 30, Toulouse, France
    • ,
  • Lionel Rostaing, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • CHU Rangueil/ INSERM U563, IFR 30, Toulouse, France

References 

  1. Pereira BJ, Levey AS. Hepatitis C virus infection in dialysis and renal transplantation. Kidney Int. 1997;51:981–999
  2. Izopet J, Sandres-Saune K, Kamar N, et al. Incidence of HCV infection in French hemodialysis units: A prospective study. J Med Virol. 2005;77:70–76
  3. National Kidney Foundation. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int Suppl. 2008;S1–S99
  4. Guh JY, Lai YH, Yang CY, et al. Impact of decreased serum transaminase levels on the evaluation of viral hepatitis in hemodialysis patients. Nephron. 1995;69:459–465
  5. Fabrizi F, Lunghi G, Andrulli S, et al. Influence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) viraemia upon serum aminotransferase activity in chronic dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997;12:1394–1398
  6. Espinosa M, Martin-Malo A, Alvarez de Lara MA, Soriano S, Aljama P. High ALT levels predict viremia in anti-HCV-positive HD patients if a modified normal range of ALT is applied. Clin Nephrol. 2000;54:151–156
  7. Carreno V. Occult hepatitis C virus infection: A new form of hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12:6922–6925
  8. Pardo M, Lopez-Alcorocho JM, Castillo I, Rodriguez-Inigo E, Perez-Mota A, Carreno V. Effect of anti-viral therapy for occult hepatitis C virus infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;23:1153–1159
  9. Carreno V, Bartolomé J, Castillo I, Quiroga JA. Occult hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections. Rev Med Virol. 2008;18:139–157
  10. Bartolomé J, Lopez-Alcorocho JM, Castillo I, et al. Ultracentrifugation of serum samples allows detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in patients with occult hepatitis C. J Virol. 2007;81:7710–7715
  11. Castillo I, Pardo M, Bartolomé J, et al. Occult hepatitis C virus infection in patients in whom the etiology of persistently abnormal results of liver-function tests is unknown. J Infect Dis. 2004;189:7–14
  12. Halfon P, Bourliere M, Ouzan D, et al. Occult hepatitis C virus infection revisited with ultrasensitive real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:2106–2108
  13. Pham TN, King D, Macparland SA, et al. Hepatitis C virus replicates in the same immune cell subsets in chronic hepatitis C and occult infection. Gastroenterology. 2008;134:812–822
  14. Pham TN, Michalak TI. Occult persistence and lymphotropism of hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:2789–2793
  15. Hoare M, Gelson WT, Rushbrook SM, et al. Histological changes in HCV antibody-positive, HCV RNA-negative subjects suggest persistent virus infection. Hepatology. 2008;48:1737–1745
  16. Fowell AJ, Sheron N, Rosenberg WM. Renal hepatitis C in the absence of detectable serum or hepatic virus. Liver Int. 2008;28:889–891
  17. Barril G, Castillo I, Arenas MD, et al. Occult hepatitis C virus infection among hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19:2288–2293
  18. Kamar N, Toupance O, Buchler M, et al. Evidence that clearance of hepatitis C virus RNA after alpha-interferon therapy in dialysis patients is sustained after renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14:2092–2098

 Originally published online as doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.12.033 on March 27, 2009.

PII: S0272-6386(09)00151-6

doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.12.033

American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 54, Issue 1 , Pages 10-12 , July 2009

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