American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 53, Issue 6 , Pages 993-1001 , June 2009

Differential Estimation of CKD Using Creatinine- Versus Cystatin C–Based Estimating Equations by Category of Body Mass Index

  • Suma Vupputuri, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Suma Vupputuri, PhD, Research Investigator, The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, 3495 Piedmont Rd, Bdg 10, Ste 205, Atlanta, GA 30305
    • ,
  • Caroline S. Fox, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA
    • Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
    • ,
  • Josef Coresh, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Bethesda, MD
    • ,
  • Mark Woodward, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
    • ,
  • Paul Muntner, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY

Received 20 August 2008 ,Accepted 30 December 2008.

References 

  1. Levey AS, Coresh J, Balk E, et al. National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:137–147
  2. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group). Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:461–470
  3. Rule AD, Larson TS, Bergstralh EJ, Slezak JM, Jacobsen SJ, Cosio FG. Using serum creatinine to estimate glomerular filtration rate: Accuracy in good health and in chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:929–937
  4. Rule AD, Bergstralh EJ, Slezak JM, Bergert J, Larson TS. Glomerular filtration rate estimated by cystatin C among different clinical presentations. Kidney Int. 2006;69:399–405
  5. Laterza OF, Price CP, Scott MG. Cystatin C: An improved estimator of glomerular filtration rate?. Clin Chem. 2002;48:699–707
  6. Dharnidharka VR, Kwon C, Stevens G. Serum cystatin C is superior to serum creatinine as a marker of kidney function: A meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;40:221–226
  7. Stevens LA, Coresh J, Schmid CH, et al. Estimating GFR using serum cystatin C alone and in combination with serum creatinine: A pooled analysis of 3,418 individuals with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;51:395–406
  8. Levin A, Stevens LA. Executing change in the management of chronic kidney disease: Perspectives on guidelines and practice. Med Clin North Am. 2005;89:701–709
  9. Madero M, Sarnak MJ, Stevens LA. Serum cystatin C as a marker of glomerular filtration rate. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2006;15:610–616
  10. Fried LF, Lee JS, Shlipak M, et al. Chronic kidney disease and functional limitation in older people: Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:750–756
  11. Knight EL, Verhave JC, Spiegelman D, et al. Factors influencing serum cystatin C levels other than renal function and the impact on renal function measurement. Kidney Int. 2004;65:1416–1421
  12. Kottgen A, Selvin E, Stevens LA, Levey AS, Van Lente F, Coresh J. Serum cystatin C in the United States: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;51:385–394
  13. Muntner P, Winston J, Uribarri J, Mann D, Fox CS. Overweight, obesity, and elevated serum cystatin C levels in adults in the United States. Am J Med. 2008;121:341–348
  14. Stevens LA, Greene T, Li C, et al. Factors other than GFR influencing serum cystatin. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:547A–548A(abstr)
  15. Kratchmarova I, Kalume DE, Blagoev B, et al. A proteomic approach for identification of secreted proteins during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2002;1:213–222
  16. National Center for Health Statistics. Plan and Operation of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, vol 1994:1. Publication 94-1308 Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 1994;
  17. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–2497
  18. Coresh J, Astor BC, McQuillan G, et al. Calibration and random variation of the serum creatinine assay as critical elements of using equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39:920–929
  19. Levey AS, Coresh J, Greene T, et al. Using standardized serum creatinine values in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:247–254
  20. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Block G, Humphreys MH, Kopple JD. Reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2003;63:793–808
  21. Filler G, Bokenkamp A, Hofmann W, Le Bricon T, Martinez-Bru C, Grubb A. Cystatin C as a marker of GFR—History, indications, and future research. Clin Biochem. 2005;38:1–8
  22. Jones CY, Jones CA, Wilson IB, et al. Cystatin C and creatinine in an HIV cohort: The Nutrition for Healthy Living Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;51:914–924
  23. Bokenkamp A, Domanetzki M, Zinck R, Schumann G, Byrd D, Brodehl J. Cystatin C—A new marker of glomerular filtration rate in children independent of age and height. Pediatrics. 1998;101:875–881
  24. Shlipak MG, Sarnak MJ, Katz R, et al. Cystatin C and the risk of death and cardiovascular events among elderly persons. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2049–2060
  25. Hsu CY, McCulloch CE, Iribarren C, Darbinian J, Go AS. Body mass index and risk for end-stage renal disease. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:21–28
  26. Kahn BB, Flier JS. Obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2000;106:473–481
  27. MacDougald OA, Mandrup S. Adipogenesis: Forces that tip the scales. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2002;13:5–11
  28. Taleb S, Cancello R, Clement K, Lacasa D. Cathepsin S promotes human preadipocyte differentiation: Possible involvement of fibronectin degradation. Endocrinology. 2006;147:4950–4959
  29. Taleb S, Lacasa D, Bastard JP, et al. Cathepsin S, a novel biomarker of adiposity: Relevance to atherogenesis. FASEB J. 2005;19:1540–1542
  30. Young JA, Hwang SJ, Sarnak MJ, et al. Association of visceral and subcutaneous adiposity with kidney function. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3:1786–1791
  31. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, McDowell MA, Flegal KM. Obesity Among Adults in the United States—No Change Since 2003-2004 (NCHS Data Brief no. 1). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2007;
  32. Myers GL, Miller WG, Coresh J, et al. Recommendations for improving serum creatinine measurement: A report from the Laboratory Working Group of the National Kidney Disease Education Program. Clin Chem. 2006;52:5–18

 Originally published online as doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.12.043 on April 27, 2009.

 Because the Editor-in-Chief recused himself from consideration of this manuscript, the Deputy Editor (Daniel E. Weiner, MD, MS, Tufts Medical Center) served as Acting Editor-in-Chief. Details of the journal's procedures for potential editor conflicts are given in the Editorial Policies section of the AJKD website.

PII: S0272-6386(09)00426-0

doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.12.043

American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 53, Issue 6 , Pages 993-1001 , June 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution