Thirty-six Hippocratic Aphorisms of Nephrologic Interest

The opening of the treatise on medical aphorisms by al-Rāzī titled Kitāb al-Murshid [The Guide]. In the introduction, al-Rāzī explains that because of misunderstanding and confusion regarding the aphorisms of Hippocrates, he has composed new medical aphorisms, which could serve as an introduction to the medical art and a guide for students. Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine.⁶

A page of Hippocratic aphorisms from a treatise on medicine that originated in England, perhaps in Hereford, around 1145. Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine.¹⁰

An illustration showing points for venesection that supposedly correlate with internal organ pathology. From a 1528 edition of Hans von Gersdorff's Feldbůch der Wundartzney [Fieldbook of Surgery], illustrator Johann Ulrich Wechtlin. Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine.²⁸

Hippocrates Hiraclidae F. Covs., drawing by Peter Paul Rubens, engraving by Paulus Pontius after Rubens, 1638. Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine.²⁹