American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 54, Issue 6 , Pages 990-992 , December 2009

Soluble CD14 and Endotoxin Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: A Tale of 2 Molecules

  • Victor F. Seabra, MD

      Affiliations

    • St Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
    • ,
  • George Thomas, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
    • ,
  • Bertrand L. Jaber, MD, MS

      Affiliations

    • St Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Bertrand L. Jaber, MD, MS, Department of Medicine, St Elizabeth's Medical Center, 736 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02135

References 

  1. Levey AS, Beto JA, Coronado BE, et al. Controlling the epidemic of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease: what do we know? What do we need to learn? Where do we go from here? National Kidney Foundation Task Force on Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;32(5):853–906
  2. de Mutsert R, Grootendorst DC, Axelsson J, Boeschoten EW, Krediet RT, Dekker FW. Excess mortality due to interaction between protein-energy wasting, inflammation and cardiovascular disease in chronic dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23(9):2957–2964
  3. Honda H, Qureshi AR, Heimburger O, et al. Serum albumin, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and fetuin a as predictors of malnutrition, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in patients with ESRD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;47(1):139–148
  4. Rao M, Jaber BL, Balakrishnan VS. Inflammatory biomarkers and cardiovascular risk: association or cause and effect?. Semin Dial. 2006;19(2):129–135
  5. Nisbeth U, Hallgren R, Eriksson O, Danielson BG. Endotoxemia in chronic renal failure. Nephron. 1987;45(2):93–97
  6. Szeto CC, Kwan BC, Chow KM, et al. Endotoxemia is related to systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis in peritoneal dialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3(2):431–436
  7. Sun PP, Perianayagam MC, Jaber BL. Sevelamer hydrochloride use and circulating endotoxin in hemodialysis patients: a pilot cross-sectional study. J Ren Nutr. 2009;19:432–438
  8. Wiedermann CJ, Kiechl S, Dunzendorfer S, et al. Association of endotoxemia with carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease: prospective results from the Bruneck Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34(7):1975–1981
  9. Panichi V, Tetta C, Rindi P, Palla R, Lonnemann G. Plasma C-reactive protein is linked to backfiltration associated interleukin-6 production. ASAIO J. 1998;44(5):M415–M417
  10. Hosoya N, Sakai K. Backdiffusion rather than backfiltration enhances endotoxin transport through highly permeable dialysis membranes. ASAIO Trans. 1990;36(3):M311–M313
  11. Magnusson M, Magnusson KE, Sundqvist T, Denneberg T. Impaired intestinal barrier function measured by differently sized polyethylene glycols in patients with chronic renal failure. Gut. 1991;32(7):754–759
  12. de Almeida Duarte JB, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Nascimento M, Nochi RJ. Bacterial translocation in experimental uremia. Urol Res. 2004;32(4):266–270
  13. Heumann D, Roger T. Initial responses to endotoxins and Gram-negative bacteria. Clin Chim Acta. 2002;323(1-2):59–72
  14. Haziot A, Rong GW, Bazil V, Silver J, Goyert SM. Recombinant soluble CD14 inhibits LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by cells in whole blood. J Immunol. 1994;152(12):5868–5876
  15. Nockher WA, Scherberich JE. Monocyte cell-surface CD14 expression and soluble CD14 antigen in hemodialysis: evidence for chronic exposure to LPS. Kidney Int. 1995;48(5):1469–1476
  16. Mitzner S, Stange J, Pichel K, et al. Increased soluble CD14 levels in patients on hemodialysis (Influence of dialysate endotoxin or incompatibility to dialyzer membranes?). ASAIO J. 1995;41(3):M707–M708
  17. Raj DSC, Carrero JJ, Shah VO, et al. Soluble CD14 levels, interleukin-6 and mortality among prevalent hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;54(6):1072–1080
  18. Raj DSC, Shah VO, Rambod M, Kovesdy CP, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Association of soluble endotoxin receptor CD14 and mortality among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;54(6):1062–1071
  19. US Renal Data System. USRDS 2008 Annual Data Report. http://www.usrds.org/Accessed September 15, 2009
  20. Yoshino M, Kuhlmann MK, Kotanko P, et al. International differences in dialysis mortality reflect background general population atherosclerotic cardiovascular mortality. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17(12):3510–3519

PII: S0272-6386(09)01185-8

doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.09.003

American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume 54, Issue 6 , Pages 990-992 , December 2009

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